長毛兔的季節(jié)性飼養(yǎng)要點
發(fā)布日期：2024-11-01
來源：http://www.lilituan.com 發(fā)布人：創(chuàng)始人
長毛兔的季節(jié)性飼養(yǎng)要點，做好科學(xué)管理很重要，一起來看看吧
The key points for seasonal feeding of long haired rabbits and scientific management are important. Let's take a look together
我國地域遼闊，氣候條件差異很大。為提高我們的飼養(yǎng)管理水平，增加飼養(yǎng)長毛兔的經(jīng)濟效益，促進長毛兔養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的發(fā)展。就必須因時、因地制宜，根據(jù)不同的季節(jié)氣候特點做好長毛兔的科學(xué)飼養(yǎng)管理。總的要求是霉季防潮、夏季防暑、冬季防寒、春季抓好繁配工作。
China has a vast territory and significant differences in climate conditions. To improve our breeding and management level, increase the economic benefits of raising long haired rabbits, and promote the development of the long haired rabbit breeding industry. It is necessary to scientifically raise and manage long haired rabbits according to different seasons and climate characteristics, based on the time and local conditions. The overall requirement is to prevent moisture during the moldy season, prevent heatstroke in summer, prevent cold in winter, and do a good job in breeding and matching in spring.
1春季管理要點
1. Key points of spring management
1.1抓好飼料供應(yīng)
1.1 Strengthen the supply of feed
因為春季飼料青黃不接，為促進其發(fā)情提高受胎率，應(yīng)多飼喂些富含維生素和礦物質(zhì)的飼料，如谷芽、麥芽、白菜等。日糧中摻入適量的魚粉、骨粉等動物性飼料，動物性飼料含豐富的蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪、鈣、磷等礦物質(zhì)，對免的配種繁殖、生長發(fā)育及兔毛的產(chǎn)量有特殊效果。
Due to the lack of green and yellow feed in spring, in order to promote estrus and increase conception rate, it is necessary to feed more feed rich in vitamins and minerals, such as grains, malt, cabbage, etc. Adding appropriate amounts of animal feed such as fish meal and bone meal to the diet, animal feed contains rich minerals such as protein, fat, calcium, and phosphorus, which have special effects on breeding, growth and development, and rabbit hair production.
1.2搞好春季配種
1.2 Carry out spring breeding well
無冬繁條件的養(yǎng)殖場，春季要及早開始，以保證繁殖兩胎。春反季節(jié)，一般應(yīng)在二月中下旬開始配種，三月上旬結(jié)束。由于種公兔長期不配種，一次頭幾次精液中精子活力低、死亡、畸形、精子多影響母兔的產(chǎn)仔數(shù)和受胎率，采用復(fù)配法。
Breeding farms without winter breeding conditions should start early in spring to ensure the reproduction of two children. In the opposite season of spring, mating usually begins in mid to late February and ends in early March. Due to the long-term non breeding of male rabbits, low sperm motility, death, deformity, and high sperm count in the first few semen samples can affect the litter size and conception rate of female rabbits. Therefore, it is best to use a combination method.
1.3防備倒春寒潮
1.3 Beware of Cold Waves in Late Spring
春季氣溫極不穩(wěn)定，尤其是三月份，時有寒風(fēng)、雨雪，氣溫忽高忽低，容易誘發(fā)長毛兔的感冒和肺炎。特別是冬繁兔剛剛斷奶，抗病能力弱，容易發(fā)病死亡，要精心管理。
The temperature in spring is extremely unstable, especially in March, with occasional cold winds, rain and snow, and fluctuating temperatures, which can easily trigger colds and pneumonia in long haired rabbits. Especially for winter breeding rabbits that have just been weaned, their disease resistance is weak and they are prone to illness and death, which requires careful management.
1.4嚴(yán)防飼料中毒
1.4 Strictly prevent feed poisoning
實踐證明，每年春季飼料中毒現(xiàn)象較多，主要是誤采誤食返青草的有毒野草、受潮發(fā)霉的飼料、出芽的馬鈴薯或患黑斑病的甘薯等。所以要嚴(yán)防飼料發(fā)霉變質(zhì)，防止誤采有毒草料。
Practice has proven that there are many cases of feed poisoning in spring each year, mainly due to the accidental ingestion of toxic wild grass, damp and moldy feed, sprouted potatoes, or sweet potatoes affected by black spot disease. So it is necessary to strictly prevent the growth and deterioration of feed, and to prevent the accidental harvesting of toxic forage.
2夏季管理要點
2 Key points of summer management
夏季氣溫高、濕度大，長毛兔因汗腺不發(fā)達(dá)而怕熱、常因炎熱而采食量減少，對長毛兔的生長極為不利，對仔兔和幼兔的威脅大，是難飼養(yǎng)和管理的一個季節(jié)，固有“寒冬易度，盛夏難養(yǎng)”之說。因此，夏季飼養(yǎng)管理工作的就是防暑降溫。伏前剪毛散熱為了防暑，在大伏天前夕，要全身采一次毛。養(yǎng)毛期可適當(dāng)縮短6-7周，種兔的養(yǎng)毛期更應(yīng)短些，幼兔的頭刀毛可適當(dāng)提前剪，以利于散熱降溫。做好兔舍的通風(fēng)降溫搞好環(huán)境衛(wèi)生，消滅蚊蠅病菌滋生。夏季兔舍應(yīng)注意陰涼通風(fēng)，兔舍溫度超過35攝氏度時，兔舍地面應(yīng)潑涼水降溫。露天兔場一定要及時搭好涼棚，或種植瓜果之類可以蔓延遮陰的植物，避免陽光直射過熱，引起兔中暑死亡。有條件的兔場可安裝排風(fēng)設(shè)施，以保持室內(nèi)空氣流通。合理安排飼喂時間，供給充足飲水根據(jù)氣溫變化早餐應(yīng)提早喂，晚餐要推遲喂。要注意多喂青綠飼料，炎熱季節(jié)要保證供給充足、清潔的飲水，有條件的兔場安裝自動飲水器保證24小時供水，中午的飲水中應(yīng)加入2%的食鹽。預(yù)防消化道疾病，可飲用0.01%的高錳酸鉀或0.02痢特靈水。避免晾擾兔子膽小，怕驚嚇，夏季受驚嚇更易產(chǎn)生應(yīng)激反應(yīng)。因此，兔舍周圍應(yīng)保持安靜。
Summer is a season with high temperatures and humidity. Long haired rabbits are afraid of heat due to underdeveloped sweat glands, and their food intake is often reduced due to the heat. This is extremely detrimental to the growth of long haired rabbits and poses a great threat to their offspring and young rabbits. It is the most difficult season to raise and manage, and there is a saying that goes, "Winter is easy to warm up, summer is difficult to raise. Therefore, the focus of summer feeding and management work is to prevent heatstroke and cool down. To prevent heatstroke, it is necessary to pluck hair all over the body on the eve of the hottest days of summer. The hair raising period can be appropriately shortened to 6-7 weeks, and the hair raising period for breeding rabbits should be even shorter. The scalp hair of young rabbits can be cut in advance to facilitate heat dissipation and cooling. Ensure proper ventilation and cooling of the rabbit house, maintain good environmental hygiene, and eliminate the breeding of mosquitoes and flies. In summer, rabbit houses should pay attention to shade and ventilation. When the temperature in the rabbit house exceeds 35 degrees Celsius, the floor of the rabbit house should be splashed with cold water to cool down. Outdoor rabbit farms must promptly set up cool shelters or plant plants such as fruits and melons that can spread and provide shade to avoid direct sunlight and overheating, which can cause rabbits to suffer from heatstroke and death. Conditional rabbit farms can install exhaust facilities to maintain indoor air circulation. Reasonably arrange feeding time and provide sufficient drinking water. Breakfast should be fed early according to temperature changes, and dinner should be fed later. Pay attention to feeding more green feed, and ensure sufficient and clean drinking water during hot seasons. It is best to install automatic water dispensers in rabbit farms with conditions to ensure 24-hour water supply. 2% salt should be added to the drinking water at noon. To prevent digestive diseases, one can drink 0.01% potassium permanganate or 0.02% Ling Ling water. Avoid disturbing rabbits. They are timid and most afraid of fright. They are more prone to stress reactions when frightened in summer. Therefore, the area around the rabbit house should be kept quiet.
3秋季管理要點
3 Key points of autumn management
秋季溫度適宜，氣候干燥，飼料充足、營養(yǎng)豐富是飼養(yǎng)長毛兔的黃金季節(jié)，應(yīng)抓住這個季節(jié)的大好時機做好秋繁的換毛期管理。
Autumn is the golden season for raising long haired rabbits, with suitable temperatures, dry climate, sufficient feed, and abundant nutrients. We should seize this great opportunity to manage the molting period of autumn breeding.
3.1科學(xué)飼喂，抓好秋繁配種
3.1 Scientific feeding, focusing on autumn breeding and mating
秋季是長毛兔繁殖的大好時機，應(yīng)迅速繁殖。但在生產(chǎn)實踐中發(fā)現(xiàn)，此時長毛兔剛度過盛夏，種兔體質(zhì)較為瘦弱，因此，入秋前在飼養(yǎng)上，應(yīng)多喂給鮮嫩青飼料，適當(dāng)加喂蛋白質(zhì)含量高的精飼料。注意人工補充光照，實行復(fù)配法，以提高配種受胎率，保證秋季繁殖1-2胎。秋季是兔的換毛季節(jié)，此時生理上發(fā)生一些變化，消化能力減弱，也是疾病多發(fā)季節(jié)，特別是幼兔容易發(fā)生感冒、肺炎、腸炎等疾病，因此要從飼料管理入手加強對這些常見病的預(yù)防和控制。同時要做好兔溫、巴氏桿菌等烈性傳染病的防疫工作。還要嚴(yán)防球蟲病的爆發(fā)和加強對疥癬的防治。
Autumn is a great time for the breeding of long haired rabbits, and they should breed quickly. However, in production practice, it has been found that long haired rabbits have just passed the peak of summer, and the physical condition of breeding rabbits is relatively weak. Therefore, before autumn, in feeding, more fresh and tender green feed should be given, and high protein content refined feed should be added appropriately. Pay attention to artificial supplementation of light and implement a compound method to improve the conception rate of breeding and ensure 1-2 pregnancies in autumn. Autumn is the season for rabbits to shed their fur, during which physiological changes occur, digestive ability weakens, and diseases are more common. Especially for young rabbits, they are prone to colds, pneumonia, enteritis, and other diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of these common diseases from the perspective of feed management. At the same time, efforts should be made to prevent and control highly infectious diseases such as rabbit fever and Pasteurella. We also need to strictly prevent the outbreak of coccidiosis and strengthen the prevention and treatment of scabies.
4冬季管理要點
4 Winter Management Points
冬季氣溫較低，空氣干燥，日照時間短，青綠飼料缺乏，給長毛兔飼養(yǎng)帶來了一些困難。飼養(yǎng)管理的是做好防寒保暖工作。
In winter, the temperature is low, the air is dry, the sunshine time is short, and there is a lack of green feed, which brings some difficulties to the breeding of long haired rabbits. The key to animal husbandry management is to do a good job in preventing cold and keeping warm.
4.1做好兔舍冬季防寒
4.1 Keep the rabbit house warm in winter
保暖工作冬季天冷，兔舍要及早保暖防寒措施，當(dāng)氣溫在攝氏零度以下，或下雪刮風(fēng)下雨時，室內(nèi)兔舍門窗要關(guān)閉，室外兔舍要在籠門掛上草簾進行保暖，防止寒風(fēng)侵入。嚴(yán)冬天要在兔籠內(nèi)放些干草，以備夜間棲宿，仔免巢箱的墊草應(yīng)勤換，保持干燥。白天應(yīng)使兔多曬陽光，多活動，放出籠外運動應(yīng)在中午有陽光時進行。
In winter, when the weather is cold, rabbit houses should take early measures to keep warm and prevent cold. When the temperature is below zero degrees Celsius, or when it snows, blows, or rains, the doors and windows of indoor rabbit houses should be closed, and outdoor rabbit houses should hang grass curtains on the cage doors to keep warm and prevent cold winds from entering. In the harsh winter, it is necessary to put some hay in the rabbit cage for overnight lodging. The bedding of the nest box should be changed frequently and kept dry. During the day, rabbits should be exposed to more sunlight and engage in more activities. Exercise outside the cage should be done when there is sunlight at noon.
4.2加強冬季飼喂管理
4.2 Strengthen winter feeding management
由于長毛兔冬天維持體溫要消耗大量熱能，需要補充營養(yǎng)，不論大小兔，日糧的給量要比其它季節(jié)增加三分之一。冬季青綠飼料減少，每天應(yīng)設(shè)法飼喂一些青綠菜葉或胡蘿卜等多汁的飼料，以補充維生素，飲水要用溫開水。冰凍過的飼料不能喂兔，以免發(fā)生腸炎。
Due to the fact that long haired rabbits consume a large amount of heat energy to maintain their body temperature in winter, they need to supplement their nutrition. Regardless of the size of the rabbit, the amount of diet given should be increased by one-third compared to other seasons. In winter, there is a decrease in green feed. Every day, try to feed some juicy feed such as green vegetable leaves or carrots to supplement vitamins, and use warm water for drinking. Frozen feed should not be fed to rabbits to prevent enteritis.
4.3冬季采毛技術(shù)
4.3 Winter hair harvesting techniques
冬季應(yīng)注意氣候變化情況，不宜在寒潮時采毛，但冬季又是有利于兔毛的生長季節(jié)。因此，采毛一般以拔毛為宜，拔毛時應(yīng)拔長留短，每月一次。通過拔毛可促進血液循環(huán)，以提高兔毛產(chǎn)量，增加粗毛比率。此法對背毛密度低的個體尤為適宜，但幼兔、妊娠母兔則不宜拔毛。
Attention should be paid to climate change during winter, and it is not advisable to collect rabbit hair during cold waves. However, winter is also a favorable season for the growth of rabbit hair. Therefore, it is generally advisable to pluck the hair, and when plucking, the long hair should be pulled out and the short hair should be left behind, once a month. Pulling hair can promote blood circulation, increase rabbit hair production, and increase the ratio of coarse hair. This method is particularly suitable for individuals with low back hair density, but it is not advisable to pluck hair from young rabbits or pregnant female rabbits.
5霉季管理要點
5 key points of mold season management
由于長毛兔不適宜潮濕環(huán)境，因此，長毛兔（特別是幼兔）的死亡率在霉季。每逢陰雨連綿，必須做好嚴(yán)格的工作。保持籠舍清潔干燥在籠舍的墻壁上離地面0.3-0.7米處掛上千濕球溫度表，隨時觀察兔舍的溫濕度。兔舍比較理想的相對濕度是50%-60%。室內(nèi)要求通風(fēng)干燥，地面上可撒上草木灰或石灰，以吸收潮氣。保持兔舍清潔衛(wèi)生，兔籠內(nèi)用5%來蘇爾溶液噴灑，墻壁用20%石灰乳粉刷，陰雨天可采用手提滴滴涕噴筒火噴。針對霉季特點，科學(xué)飼喂，為增加兔的抗病能力，在霉季到來前一個月和霉季期間，應(yīng)在飼料中拌入一定量的大蒜、紅蔥、野蔥等性飼料，或者拌入0.01-0.02%的碘溶液。
Due to the unsuitability of long haired rabbits to humid environments, the mortality rate of long haired rabbits (especially young rabbits) is highest during the moldy season. Strict disinfection work must be carried out during continuous rainy weather. Keep the cage clean and dry. Hang a wet bulb thermometer on the walls of the cage 0.3-0.7 meters above the ground to observe the temperature and humidity of the rabbit cage at any time. The ideal relative humidity for a rabbit house is 50% -60%. Indoor ventilation and dryness are required, and grass ash or lime can be sprinkled on the ground to absorb moisture. Keep the rabbit house clean and hygienic, spray 5% Lysol solution for disinfection inside the rabbit cage, brush the walls with 20% lime milk powder for disinfection, and use a handheld DDT spray can for fire spraying disinfection on rainy days. Based on the characteristics of the moldy season, scientific feeding should be carried out to increase the disease resistance of rabbits. One month before and during the moldy season, a certain amount of sterilized feed such as garlic, red onions, and wild onions should be mixed into the feed, or 0.01-0.02% iodine solution should be mixed in.
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